Are your Employees Ready To Answer Customer Calls about Gas Leaks?
 Your customer service representatives should take any customer complaints about gas odors seriously. The odors could indicate a propane leak. By applying company policies and procedures when those calls come in, your employees can help protect your customers, your employees, and the public from the hazards caused by escaping gas.
Click here to preview CETP E-Learning training for employees who receive customer reports about gas odors, suspected leaks, and service interruptions.
Click here to download the sample customer report form.
For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, send a message PERC’s Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Do Your Drivers Understand Gauges? Can your bobtail drivers read the gauges that tell them the level of liquid in a container as they fill it? They can if they have the right training from CETP E-Learning. Click here to see and listen to a learning activity about connections, valves, and gauges for bobtail delivery drivers (audio playback starts right away). Click here to download a page from the CETP textbook on connections, valves, and gauges. For more information about CETP and CETP E-Learning, get in touch with PERC’s CETP program manager, Courtney Gendron, at 202-452-8975 or courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
 Do Your Bobtails Have Meter Creep? A meter creep test is designed to verify that a cargo tank’s internal valves will close when the emergency discharge control equipment is activated and that there is no detectable leakage through the valves in the closed position. A meter creep test should be part of your regular bobtail inspection. Click here to download a step-by-step guide to meter creep tests. Click here to watch and listen to a preview of a CETP E-Learning activity about meter creep tests (audio playback starts right away). For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, get in touch with Courtney Gendron, the CETP program manager at the Propane Education & Research Council (PERC), at 202-452-8975 or courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Leak Checks: Why, When, and Types
High Pressure Using a High Pressure Gauge
Leak checks determine if the propane piping system is suitable for service and must be performed on the vapor distribution piping system immediately after turning on  the gas in a new gas system or a system that has been restored after an interruption of service.
If leakage is indicated, shut off the gas until the necessary repairs have been made.
As opposed to a pressure test, a leak check includes the piping system connected to the appliance(s).
The type of testing instrument used in performing a leak check depends on the type of leak check being performed.
For a high pressure leak check, the testing instrument is placed after the first stage regulator and before the second stage regulator. This test usually uses a 30 psi gauge.
Click here to preview CETP E-Learning Propane Delivery Operations & Cylinder Delivery to see how a high pressure gauge can be used to conduct a high pressure leak check. You can also click here to download in a text format. For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, please contact PERC’s Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Leak Checks: Why, When, and Types
Low Pressure: Using a Magnehelic Gauge
 Leak checks determine if the propane piping system is suitable for service and must be performed on the vapor distribution piping system immediately after turning on the gas in a new gas system or a system that has been restored after an interruption of service.
If leakage is indicated, shut off the gas until the necessary repairs have been made.
As opposed to a pressure test, a leak check includes the piping system connected to the appliance(s).
The type of testing instrument used in performing a leak check depends on the type of leak check being performed.
For a low pressure leak check, the testing instrument is placed into the low pressure system (1/2) lb pressure or less) at or after the integral 2 stage regulator or at or after the second stage regulator. The test instrument is subject to low pressure because the regulators have already dropped the pressure in the system.
Low pressure leak tests may be accomplished using a water manometer or magnehelic gauge.
Click here to preview CETP E-Learning Propane Delivery Operations & Cylinder Delivery to see how a magnehelic gauge can be used to conduct a low pressure leak check. You can also click here to download in a text format. For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, please contact PERC’s Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Roadside Stop: Part 1: DOT Licensing and Driver Requirements
Drivers who operate commercial motor vehicles (CMV) to deliver propane must meet all of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Licensing and driving requirements. Before driving a CMV, employees must obtain there commercial driver’s license (CDL) and additional required endorsements from their state driving agency. Propane delivery vehicle drivers must also be aware of other driving requirements and restrictions, including rules prohibiting drug and alcohol use.
A road side stop performed by highway enforcement personnel is a bad time to test your knowledge of the rules.
Click here to preview the CETP E-Learning Delivery Operations & Cylinder Delivery road side stop scenario of bobtail driver pulled over by law enforcement for probable cause.
You can also click here to view the same learning activity in a text/PDF format.
For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, please contact PERCs CETP Program Manager, Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Roadside Stop: Part 2
Vehicle Inspection, Identification, and Documentation
 Regular vehicle inspections and proper maintenance are critical for operating propane vehicles safely and efficiently. U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) requires propane delivery drivers to inspect their vehicles and document all maintenance before driving on public highways. Drivers must also be able to verify proper vehicle identification such as placards, shipping labels and data plates, and required vehicle documentation.
A road side stop performed by highway enforcement personnel is a bad time to test your knowledge of the rules.
Click here to preview the CETP E-Learning Delivery Operations & Cylinder Delivery road side stop scenario of a bobtail driver pulled over by law enforcement for probable cause.
You can also click here to view the same learning activity in a text/PDF format.
For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, please contact PERCs CETP Program Manager, Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Features of Vehicle Mounted ASME Tanks
Motor and mobile fuel tanks have a lot of features in common, and the increase in use of propane as a motor and engine fuel requires a good working knowledge of the many factors associated with this subject. Among those are the features of vehicle mounted ASME tanks that include:
- Data Plate and/or Cylinder Markings
- Fixed Maximum Liquid Level Gauge
- Float Gauge
- Liquid Service Valve
- Relief Valve
- Stop Fill/Auto Stop Valves
- Valve and fitting Enclosures
Click here to preview the CETP E-Learning Propane Delivery Operations & Cylinder Delivery Learning Activity on the “Features of Vehicle Mounted ASME Tanks”.
You can also click here to view the same learning activity in a text/PDF format.
For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, please contact PERCs CETP Program Manager, Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Understanding Bulk Plant Tank Connections, Valves, and Gauges
 The propane bulk plant is a specialized and complex facility where large quantities of propane are received, stored and prepared for delivery, where several tanks of various sizes may be installed depending on the needs of retailers and customers.
Bulk plants tanks have several valves and gauges installed in either end, and in the top and bottom of the tank.
It is important that those responsible for operating and maintaining bulk tanks understand the location and of the valves and gauges, as well as their purposes.
With the proper education and training, new plant operators can effectively understand these critical functions and become valued employees.
Click here to preview the CETP E-Learning Basic Principles & Practices Learning Activity on Bulk Storage Plants.
You can also click here to view the same learning activity in a text/PDF format.
For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, please contact PERCs CETP Program Manager, Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Container Distance Requirements
The National Fire Protection Association pamphlet 58 (NFPA 58) provides minimum distance requirements for setting various types of propane containers on a customer’s property.
These distance requirements pertain to ignition sources, vent/air intakes, building openings below level of (propane gas) discharge, and property lines/important buildings.
Many of the distance requirements vary with the type of container being set, such as an underground ASME tanks, DOT stationary cylinders, and above ground ASME tanks of varying capacities.
Click here to preview the CETP E-Learning Bobtail Delivery interactive Learning Activity for distance requirements when inspecting propane tanks at a residence.
You can also click here to view the same learning activity in a text/PDF format.
For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, please contact PERCs CETP Program Manager, Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Products of Complete and Incomplete Combustion
 Combustion is a chemical reaction that changes a fuel source, such as propane, into a useful form of energy, such as heat. Combustion requires all three ingredients: fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source. However, all three ingredients must be present in the proper proportions for combustion to occur. If a mixture of gas and air contains more gas than is needed for ideal combustion, then it is referred to as a rich burn. If a mixture of gas and air contains less gas than is needed for ideal combustion, then it is referred to as a lean burn.
The ideal combustion ration (“complete combustion”) for propane is 1 part propane (4%) to 24 parts of air (96%). Even at this ideal ration, combustion products, known as flue gases, still occur. However, under this scenario, those products are harmless carbon dioxide and water.
Incomplete combustion (due to either rich or lean burns) may produce harmful combustion by-products such as carbon monoxide and aldehydes.
Most appliance burners are designed to burn a gas mixture that is as close to the ideal (4% propane) as possible, and may be regularly inspected by a qualified technician to ensure the maintenance of the ideal burn ratio.
Click here to preview CETP E-Learning Basic Principles & Practices to view how combustion products are affected by different fuel to gas ratios.
You can also click here to view the same learning activity in a text/PDF format.
For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, please contact PERC’s Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Filling Customer Containers Squirting Propane Liquid Fixed Maximum Liquid Gauge vs. Float Gauge
What Would You Do?
Before filling the customers tank, this dedicated propane professional positions the bobtail, performs a site inspection, checks the liquid level in the container, sets the meter, opens the valves, and engages the PTO. He then prepares the hoses and filler valve, connects the hoses and checks for leaks and begins to fill the customer’s container.
As he monitors the filling process, he notices that the fixed maximum liquid level gauge is squirting propane liquid, but the float gauge only shows a reading of 70%.
Click here to preview the CETP E-Learning Bobtail Delivery interactive Learning Activity scenario and find out what you would do.
For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, please contact PERCs CETP Program Manager, Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Vehicle Inspections: Post -Trip
 DOT requires commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers to perform pre and post trip inspections to determine that the vehicle is in safe operating condition before driving is on public roadways.
These inspections are critical for discovering damaged or missing parts, and other problems that could cause an accident, break down, or delay of your trip.
Post-trip inspections are more comprehensive that pre-trip inspections and have reporting requirements that affect the pre-trip inspection and can alert the driver to problems that may have developed during the day.
DOT requires CMV drivers to prepare a written Driver Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR) for each vehicle operated during the work day. During the Post Trip Inspection, the CMV driver must examine and document the DVIR, the condition of vehicle parts and accessories, and report any defects that would result in the unsafe operation of the CMV or break down.
Click here to view a recommended seven-step inspection method for conducting a post-trip inspection, as provided for in CETP Delivery Operations & Cylinder Delivery course.
For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, please contact PERCs CETP Program Manager, Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Performing Scheduled Bobtail Inspections
The US Department of Transportation (DOT) requires bobtail drivers to inspect their vehicles before operating them each day. Daily “walk around” inspections of your bobtail after loading at the bulk plant minimizes the risk for system or documentation issues when arriving at the delivery site.
In addition, vehicles must undergo monthly, annual, and five-year inspections, each of which has its own inspection criteria.
Click here to preview the CETP E-Learning Bobtail Delivery Learning Activity on “Performing Scheduled Inspections”.
For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, please contact PERCs CETP Program Manager, Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Cylinder Filling Precautions: Filling by Weight
Understanding and following the steps and precautions to take when filling portable cylinders can avoid accidents:
- Always inspect the filling cylinder station equipment prior to filling.
- Know your plants fire prevention and emergency evacuation plans
- Make sure that a plant operator is always in attendance during the entire filling operation.
- Know where and how to control emergency shut down and pump controls.
- Know the location of the nearest fire extinguishers and make sure they are in proper working condition.
- Before operating a filling station, be sure there are no ignition sources or combustible materials within 25 feet of the point(s) of transfer.
- Be sure that valves are properly protected with a cap or protective collar.
- Do not allow any unauthorized people on the transfer area.
- Always use proper cylinder handling techniques
- Keep all plastics or other materials that can produce static electricity away from the transfer area, this is includes plastics, nylon clothing, etc.
Click here to download an audiovisual step-by-step learning activity about how to safely fill portable cylinders by weight. (audio playback starts right away). The activity comes from CETP E-Learning’s Basic Principles & Practices and Propane Delivery Operations & Cylinder Delivery.
Click here to download the ready-to-print learning activity — from the CETP textbook Propane Delivery Operations & Cylinder Delivery — about safely filling portable cylinders by weight.
For more information about CETP and CETP E-Learning, get in touch with PERC’s Courtney Gendron at 202-452-8975 or courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Personal Protective Equipment in the Propane Industry
 A job that is properly planned for before it begins is critical to avoiding mishaps that can lead to emergency situations. Effective job planning takes into consideration the safety of the worker, customers, and public.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) and procedures for training employees on its proper use is a critical step towards workforce safety.
Based on hazard assessments, the proper use of PPE such as gloves, hard hats, safety shoes, eye protection, shields, respirators, etc., are important in reducing and eliminating on-the-job injuries, the costs associated with those injuries, and establishing compliance with rules established by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA).
OSHA regulations require the use of PPE during operations that present the risk of injuries to employees that cannot be controlled by engineering or process procedures. OSHA requires the employer to:
- Determine the use and selection of PPE
- Train employees on the proper use and care of PPE
- Document employee use and care of PPE
In return, employees are required to properly utilize and care for the PPE that has been assigned.
Click here to download an interactive learning activity to match the correct PPE to a potential workplace hazard. (audio playback starts right away). The activity comes from CETP E-Learning’s Basic Principles & Practices.
Click here to download a ready-to-print one-page learning activity — from the CETP textbook Basic Principles & Practices — about the Personal Protective Equipment.
For more information about CETP and CETP E-Learning, get in touch with PERC’s Courtney Gendron at 202-452-8975 or courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
Effects of Temperature and Pressure: Part 1: Propane Vapor Demand
Understanding the effects that heat and pressure have on liquid propane is critical to understanding how propane behaves.
Propane is affected by heat and pressure in much the same way as water. At atmospheric pressure the boiling point of propane is -44Fo. At any temperature below that a pool of propane will remain in liquid form, because its vapor pressure is less than atmospheric. At temperatures above -44Fo, the vapor pressure of propane is greater than atmospheric pressure, therefore the liquid will vaporize.
Keeping this in mind, when the valve of a propane appliance is open, propane will flow to the burner, and the demand for gas vapor will immediately cause a slight drop in pressure inside the container. This upsets the heat/pressure balance and causes the propane to begin boiling off vapor to replace the vapor going into the burner.
As long as the demand for propane remains, the propane will continue to boil, supplying fuel to the burner.
When the valve on the appliance is closed, the propane will stop flowing and return to its balance point. The boiling will eventually stop as the balance is reached.
Click here to preview a CETP E-Learning interactive learning on Propane Vapor Demand.
You can also click here to view the same learning activity in a text/PDF format.
For more information on CETP and CETP E-Learning, please contact PERCs CETP Program Manager, Courtney Gendron at courtney.gendron@propanecouncil.org. (return to top)
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